South Middlesex Times

As the 2024 presidential race intensifies, attention is focused on the upcoming second debate of the election season, featuring former President Donald Trump and Vice President Kamala Harris.

Scheduled for Tuesday, Sept. 10, in Philadelphia and broadcast on ABC, this event marks the first direct encounter between the two presidential candidates.

The debate will follow a format similar to that of the previous Trump-Biden debate, which drew approximately 51.3 million viewers on CNN. The setup includes no audience, muted microphones when candidates are not speaking, and a ban on written notes, emphasizing the skill and strategy of the debaters.

Erin Christie, an assistant teaching professor at the School of Communication and Information and a faculty adviser for the Rutgers Public Speaking Organization and Debate Union, provided insights into what constitutes a standout debate performance.

In discussing key elements of a great debate, Christie stated: "Parties should address the topic with a clearly presented position, using valid supporting sources, anticipating and defending against objections and identifying weaknesses in the opponent’s arguments." She also emphasized the importance of developing a closing statement that incorporates insights gained during the debate.

Regarding qualities of an exceptional debater, Christie noted: "The key qualities include being highly informed about the material and utilizing critical thinking skills." She added that effective debaters should be well-rehearsed yet comfortable enough to include personal asides where appropriate. Techniques such as volume control, eye contact, moderate speaking rate, clarity of expression, vocal emphasis on key words and phrases, attentive listening, adequate pauses at important moments, appropriate body language and gestures, and suitable facial expressions were highlighted as crucial. Additionally, avoiding ad hominem attacks is essential.

Christie further explained how personality traits and communication styles influence debate performance: "Personality traits that are friendly and non-offensive make for success when debating. An aggressive style usually turns off an audience."

Commenting on Trump’s debating style versus Harris's approachability: "Trump employs a deeply committed and emphatic style," while Harris's most prominent characteristic is her likeability. However, she warned that overemphasis in either case could become detrimental.

When asked about strategies that candidates might use to counter their opponents' arguments effectively: "Effective preparation requires knowing your material cold," said Christie. She advised thorough research and verification of sources along with rehearsal to gain feedback from others. Preparing clear opening statements was also deemed invaluable.

Christie concluded by stressing critical thinking throughout preparation: "Examining the topic with a focus on the opponent’s position can help identify flaws that can be pointed out," she said. Identifying negative consequences or flaws in assumptions can sometimes even support one’s own position while disproving the opponent's stance.