South Middlesex Times

A recent study from Rutgers University–New Brunswick explores how monitoring subtle facial movements can enhance understanding of social communication in people with autism. The research, published in "Frontiers in Psychiatry," indicates that while autistic individuals display emotions like others, their facial expressions might be too subtle for others to perceive.

Elizabeth Torres, a psychology professor at the university, observed, “Autistic individuals use the same basic facial movements to express emotions, but their intensity often falls outside the culturally familiar range that most people recognize.” This discrepancy may result in missed social cues, leading to potential misinterpretations.

The research highlights that those on the autism spectrum, particularly individuals who do not speak or need substantial movement support, may present unpredictable facial expressions. Consequently, caregivers and doctors might find it challenging to identify these emotional signals, leading to potential assumptions about the lack of communication effort.

However, Torres clarified, “Their emotions and social signals are there – we just haven’t been able to see them properly. This research could help bridge that gap, fostering a better understanding between autistic and nonautistic individuals.” This gap in understanding can cause social isolation and misapprehensions regarding autistic behaviors.

Utilizing micromovement spikes, a technique developed by Torres and her team, the study captured minute facial movements through videos recorded on smartphones or tablets. “We wanted to investigate whether brief microexpressions appeared during common emotional expressions, like smiling or showing surprise,” Torres stated. The study dispersed the data collection across various settings, including schools and social events.

The research included 126 participants, with notable findings concerning the active use of facial muscles in both autistic and neurotypical subjects. Torres noted the intensity of expressions differs, underlining, "The challenge isn’t a lack of expression – it’s that their intensity falls outside what neurotypical individuals are accustomed to perceiving."

This study opens possibilities for improved diagnostic approaches and supports communication enhancement between autistic and nonautistic individuals. Torres commented on the broader implications, emphasizing the importance of recognizing different expressions of emotions through accessible tools like smartphone cameras powered by AI.

With contributions from researchers including Theodoros Bermperidis and students from various educational backgrounds, the study received funding from the Nancy Lurie Marks Family Foundation. The findings propose a scalable approach to understanding social interactions in autistic individuals, challenging existing misconceptions and potentially transforming autism research and diagnostics.

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